Energy Drinks Liquid Meth - 1201 Words

Walter Brodner Prof. Geerling ENC1101 5 February 2013 Energy Drinks: Liquid Meth? Over the last decade, drinks containing high amounts of caffeine, sugar, and other ingredients that increase energy have been rapidly growing in popularity. Clearly these beverages are known as energy drinks. Energy drinks have gotten so popular that it is extremely rare to find a convenience store that doesn’t sell a variety of them. Students use energy drinks to cram the night before a test, athletes use them to exercise, party animals mix them with alcohol to drink more than humanly possible, and some people just drink them to stay awake at work after a sleepless night. Red Bull, one of the most popular energy drinks in the market, claim to enhance†¦show more content†¦Despite all the controversy, most people can agree how useful a jolt of extra energy can be some days. Energy drinks can help a doctor be more alert during surgery during a graveyard-shift, help college students get that â€Å"A† they have been working towards all s emester, or keep police officers vigilant and energized on the job. There’s no way of knowing exactly how many college students that graduated owe their diploma to caffeine, but it sure didn’t hurt to be able to pull all-nighters while being alert. People that enjoy exercise can lift-weights or do cardio way more effectively by drinking one before the work-out. Energy drinks are not only safe but they are making people more effective workers, students, or athletes. Besides the obvious and immediate effects of drinks containing high amounts of caffeine there are a few long-term benefits worth mentioning. Depression is a horrible condition that slowly eats away at a person until there is nothing left of them. Coffee has been shown to fight depression (Does Caffeine Reduce the Risk of Depression?). By drinking a few cups of coffee or one can of an energy drink chances of depressionShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Alcohol on the Brain826 Words   |  3 Pages When you drink alcohol it messes with your judgment .Long term problems with drinking alcohol can lead to liver disease, high blood pressure, stroke, stomach problems, harm to unborn children, and complications with other illnesses. You can also get addicted to alcohol. Why can alcohol become an addictive substance? Drinking alcohol causes a release of endorphins and activates reward circuitry in the brain. Heavy and frequent drinkers experience a larger release of endorphins. Eventually, toleranceRead MoreWhat are the Effects of Soda on Teeth?1675 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"People across North America use different words to identify a sugary, carbonated soft drink. But however they say it, theyre talking about something that can cause serious oral health problems† (Soda or Pop?). What are the effects of soda on teeth? That is the question at hand. All throughout the world, people are addicted to soda. Just as how in the past it was common to see everyone smoking around you, now it is common to see everyone drinking soda. It was not until studies cameRead MoreDrugs Affect College Students2351 Words   |  10 Pagesstudents experiment with is drugs. There are many drugs or harmful substances that only harm college students. These harmful substances include alcohol, ecstasy, meth, and caffeine. Students use these drugs to obtain a â€Å"high† but are unaware of the fact that many times students become addicted. A substance that once gave a student energy, may turn into a substance that drastically changes their life. Alcohol is a major drug abused among college students. This drug has been traced back as earlyRead MoreDrug Abuse Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel good about themselves.†Tobacco is just as bad it kills about 50% of people in the world,said from the NIDA.†Ã¢â‚¬ This new drug called methamphetamine is a stimulant drug usually used as a white, bitter-tasting powder or a pill.†said from the NIDA meth is a drug made from exercise and other ative things ths drug too and blind the users judgement. Some drug have also been found inside candy and types of food drug abuse is dangerous because it can cause irregular effects on the human body SmokingRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction1932 Words   |  8 PagesDrug Addiction is a problem all around the world that affects families, friends and strangers. It all starts with one puff, snort or drink. There are several different drugs in the world that have affected people with drug abuse. There are two different common drug abuses. Long and Short term drug abuse. There are also many different drugs. Pain Pills are a very common drug that is used in society these days. Most pain pill drug addictions are long term. A long term drug addiction can put a varietyRead MoreCase Study : Club Drugs Addiction1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand young adults. Depending on the specific substance, these drugs may be ingested orally, snorted, or injected. Certain club drugs are frequently combined with alcohol, and substances that are colorless, odorless, and tasteless have been added to drinks of unknowing victims who can later be powerless to prevent sexual assaults. People who regularly abuse club drugs can develop a tolerance that ultimately increases the amounts they use. Additionally, these individuals can find themselves consumingRead MoreThe Drugs Of The World2094 Words   |  9 Pagesthat holds the entire drug. People would swallow it whole and others dissolved it in liquid. Meth was the most prescribed drug in America. Adolf Hitler and his soldiers used it. He was injected up to fives times a day. Elvis Presley was also hooked on meth. Physicians had about thirty-nine reasons to prescribe meth. This drug was the most popular to the baby boomers since marijuana was banned. People who used meth got paranoid and thought others were out to harm them. This caused them to get violentRead MoreThe Drugs Of The World1982 Words   |  8 Pagesthat holds the entire drug. People would swallow it whole and others dissolved it in liquid. Meth was the most prescribed drug in America. Adolf Hitler and his soldiers used it. He was injected up to fives t imes a day. Elvis Presley was also hooked on meth. Physicians had about thirty-nine reasons to prescribe meth. This drug was the most popular to the baby boomers since marijuana was banned. People who used meth got paranoid and thought others were out to harm them. This caused them to get violentRead MoreThe Social Effect of Dangerous Drugs on Communities and the Criminal Justice System1838 Words   |  8 Pageshandle it. I can go without smoking for a whole year, and then go buy a whole pack, and then go without for another year and no one is going to deprive me of this, no self-righteous bureaucrat that is for sure. To me, it makes me sick that I can buy drinks or cigarettes at one of 17 million places, and I can get more prescriptions from my doctor then my medicine cabinet can hold, but I risk fine and/or arrest if I try to buy a little marijuana from the local dealer; which I don’t. It is estimated thatRead More Club Drugs and Teens Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesunco nsciousness, reduced heart rate and breathing, and sometimes even death. Due to the possibility of overdose and the danger of date rape, many drug dealers and producers have begun coloring any GHB with food coloring, to avoid it being added to drinks without the consumers’ knowledge. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;GHB is much less common in the United States club scene than in Europe, where it is still legal and commonly used. While the drug itself is not as dangerous as some other club drugs,

Patterns of Child Development Essay - 868 Words

Patterns of Child Development The various aspects of child development encompass physical growth, emotional and psychological changes, and social adjustments. A great many determinants influence patterns of development and change. On the average, a newborn baby weighs 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) and is 53 cm (21 in) long, with the head disproportionately larger than the lower part of the body. As the child grows, increments in height are greatest from birth to three years; thereafter they are relatively constant until adolescence. The growth spurt at adolescence is far less than during infancy. Weight increments are also large during the first three years but are equally large during adolescence. Research shows that growth rates are influenced†¦show more content†¦This process is critical for the achievement of eye-hand coordination and for the higher-level skills required for many sports activities. The ability to communicate and to understand language is a major achievement of human beings. An amazing feature of language development is the speed with which it is acquired: The first word is spoken at about 12 months; by two years of age most children have vocabularies of about 270 words, and this increases to 2600 words at the age of six. It is almost impossible to determine the number of sentence constructions that can be generated within a single language. Children, however, use syntactically correct sentences by the age of three and highly complex constructions by the age of five. This extraordinary phenomenon cannot be explained by means of simple learning theory. Today theorists are concerned with the relationship between cognitive growth and language. It is now assumed that language reflects children’s concepts and develops as their concepts expand. Theories of personality are attempts to describe how people behave in satisfying their physical and psychological needs. An inability to satisfy such needs creates a personal conflict. Personality formation is viewed as the process by which children learn how to avoid conflict when possible and how to cope with conflict when it inevitably occurs.Show MoreRelatedChild Development - Patterns of Development Essay6998 Words   |  28 PagesAO1 – Patterns of Development This coursework will describe how children develop according to milestones from birth to eight years old. Activity 1 Emily is 17 years old and lives on the outskirts of Woking. She is currently living with her mum and attends St. John the Baptist Sixth Form College in Old Woking. Emily is a conscientious and hard working individual and her qualifications clearly support this. Having achieved excellent grades at GCSE and AS level, Emily is eager to continue withRead MoreThe Sequence Of Development For Each Child Should Follow A Similar Pattern1766 Words   |  8 Pagessequence of development for each child should follow a similar pattern. The 5 key areas of development are: social, physical, intellectual, communication and language, and emotional. The rate that general development should take place differs from child to child, but there are 9 age ranges which certain stages of development should fall into, for a child that is developing healthily and normally. I will now detail each age range, and development sequence. 0 to 3 months: Social Development A child will cryRead MoreChild Care Services1536 Words   |  7 PagesChild Care Services, that include first, custodial services concerning health, hygiene and safety of children, second, child development services covering socialization, language skill and personality development and third, pre-school services ranging from informal learning to formal educational preparatory learning from elementary schools, was appeared to be initiated in France in 1770 in the name of â€Å"Salles d’asile† (asylum room) for serving the interest of working women. Along with custodial servicesRead MoreThe Developmental Patterns Of Rett Syndrome1202 Words   |  5 Pagessyndrome, there is a very normal period of development followed by gradual regression period. This disorder is caused by an MECP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2) mutation on the X chromosome. Since this gene was only discovered in the last twenty years, there is still a great deal of information that needs to be unders tood about the regressive nature of Rett syndrome. It is characterized by this sudden regression that occurs in four stages during development. It is very important to try to find outRead MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern697 Words   |  3 PagesUNDERSTAND CHILD AND YOUNG PERSONS DEVELOPMENT Unit 022 Outcome 3 Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern 2 Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are many reasons and factors why a child is not following the expected pattern of development. For example the child may be emotionally unsettled due to a number ofRead MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19714 Words   |  3 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical, social, emotional, behavioural, intellectual and communicational development. Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it wouldRead MoreEymp 2 1.1 Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesof the areas of learning and development and how they are interdependent It is important to remember that each area of learning and development does not work in isolation but they are all in fact interlinked. Good quality activities will cover more than one area of development. For example, allowing children to access the outdoors will not only support their physical development, but encourage their communication and exploration of their environment. Where a child experiences a delay in one areaRead MoreSecure and Insecure Attachment - Paper1038 Words   |  5 Pagesevolutionary psychology. ( Schore, 2001)Attachment theory is fundamentally a theory of the development of the personality over the lifespan (Ainsworth amp; Bowlby, 1992) Stages of Attachment Birth to 6 weeks: Preattachment. Newborns signal, via crying and body movements, that they need others. When people respond positively, the newborn is comforted and learns to seek more interaction. Newborns are also primed by brain patterns to recognize familiar voices and faces. 6 weeks to 8 months Attachment in the makingRead MoreResearch Task: Give examples, of the kinds of influences that affect children and young persons’ development including: (a) Personal factors (health), (b) External factors (environment)1121 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluences that affect children and young persons’ development including: (a) Personal factors (health), (2.1) (b) External factors (environment), (2.2) Answer: (a) Personal factors that influence/affect children and young person’s development (health) †¢ Disabilities such as blindness, deafness, and other physical handicaps can cause learning loss as the child therefore is physically hindered and as we know all areas of development are interlinked, so the others will be affected causingRead MoreExample Convention Proposal1147 Words   |  5 Pagesof the event * Date * Time * Convention Budget * Set Up * Food * Materials * Summary/ Evaluation/Own Executive Summary Personality development is the development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive. Personality development occurs by the ongoing interaction of  temperament, character, and environment. Personality is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A childs

What Does the Word Aryan Actually Mean

Aryan is probably one of the most misused and abused words ever to come out of the field of linguistics.  What the term Aryan actually means and what it has come to mean are two vastly different things. Unfortunately, errors by some scholars in the 19th and early 20th centuries  brought about its association with racism, anti-Semitism, and hate. What Does Aryan Mean? The word Aryan comes from the ancient languages of Iran and India.  It was the term that ancient Indo-Iranian-speaking people likely used to identify themselves in the period around 2000 B.C.E.  This ancient groups language was one branch of the Indo-European language family.  Literally, the word Aryan may mean a noble one. The first Indo-European language, known as Proto-Indo-European, likely originated around 3500 B.C.E. in the steppes north of the Caspian Sea, along the modern border between Central Asia and Eastern Europe.  From there, it spread across much of Europe and south and central Asia. The most southerly branch of the family was Indo-Iranian.  A number of different ancient peoples spoke Indo-Iranian daughter languages, including the nomadic Scythians who controlled much of central Asia from 800 B.C.E. to 400 C.E., and the Persians of what is now Iran.   How the Indo-Iranian daughter languages got to India is a controversial topic. Many scholars have theorized that Indo-Iranian speakers, called Aryans or Indo-Aryans, moved into northwestern India from what is now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan around 1800 B.C.E.  According to these theories, the Indo-Aryans were descendants of the Andronovo culture of southwest Siberia who interacted with the Bactrians and acquired the Indo-Iranian language from them. Nineteenth- and early-20th-century linguists and anthropologists believed that an Aryan Invasion displaced the original inhabitants of northern India, driving them all south, where they became the ancestors of the Dravidian-speaking peoples (such as the Tamils).  Genetic evidence, however, shows that there was some mixing of central Asian and Indian DNA around 1800 B.C.E., but it was by no means a complete replacement of the local population. Some Hindu nationalists today refuse to believe that Sanskrit, which is the holy language of the Vedas, came from central Asia.  They insist that it developed within India itself. This is known as the Out of India hypothesis.  In Iran, however, the linguistic origins of the Persians and other Iranian peoples is far less controversial.  Indeed, the name Iran is Persian for Land of the Aryans or Place of the Aryans. 19th-Century Misconceptions The theories outlined above represent the current consensus on the origins and diffusion of the Indo-Iranian languages and the so-called Aryan people.  However, it took many decades for linguists, aided by archaeologists, anthropologists, and eventually geneticists, to piece this story together. During the 19th century, European linguists and anthropologists mistakenly believed that Sanskrit was a preserved relic, a sort of fossilized remnant of the earliest usage of the Indo-European language family.  They also believed that Indo-European culture was superior to other cultures, and thus that Sanskrit was in some way the highest of the languages.   A German linguist named Friedrich Schlegel developed the theory that Sanskrit was related closely to Germanic languages. He based this on a few words that sounded similar between the two language families.  Decades later, in the 1850s, a French scholar named Arthur de Gobineau wrote a four-volume study titled An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. In it, Gobineau announced that northern Europeans such as Germans, Scandinavians, and northern French people represented the pure Aryan type, while southern Europeans, Slavs, Arabs, Iranians, Indians, and others represented impure, mixed forms of humanity that resulted from interbreeding between the white, yellow, and black races. This is complete nonsense, of course, and represents a northern European hijacking of south and central Asian ethnolinguistic identity.  The division of humanity into three races also has no basis in science or reality.  However, by the late 19th century, the idea that a prototypical Aryan person should be Nordic-looking (tall, blond-haired, and blue-eyed) had taken hold in northern Europe. Nazis and Other Hate Groups By the early 20th century, Alfred Rosenberg and other northern European thinkers had taken the idea of the pure Nordic Aryan and turned it into a religion of the blood.  Rosenberg expanded on Gobineaus ideas, calling for the annihilation of racially inferior, non-Aryan types of people in northern Europe.  Those identified as non-Aryan Untermenschen, or subhumans, included Jews, Roma, and Slavs, as well as Africans, Asians, and Native Americans. It was a short step for Adolf Hitler and his lieutenants to move from these pseudoscientific ideas to the concept of a Final Solution for the preservation of so-called Aryan purity.  In the end, this linguistic designation, combined with a heavy dose of Social Darwinism, gave them a perfect excuse for the Holocaust, in which the Nazis targeted the Untermenschen for death by the millions. Since that time, the term Aryan has been severely tainted and has fallen out of common usage in linguistics, except in the term Indo-Aryan to designate the languages of northern India.  Hate groups and neo-Nazi organizations such as the Aryan Nation and the Aryan Brotherhood, however, still insist on using this term to refer to themselves, even though theyre likely not Indo-Iranian speakers. Source Nova, Fritz. Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi Theorist of the Holocaust.  Robert M. W. Kempner (Introduction), H. J. Eysenck (Foreword), Hardcover, First edition, Hippocrene Books, April 1, 1986.

Into.. Lifelong, What Does This Term Mean To You According

Into: Lifelong, what does this term mean to you? According to merriam-webster.com lifelong is anything that spans the entire lifetime of an individual. Most of the time this term refers to love, relationships, habits, traditions, and by many politicians their job. Now I know most of you are like I don’t understand you can t think of a job as lifelong because you do not get to keep a job forever? Well according to many of our Congress men and women it is the complete opposite because there is nothing stopping them from running again and again for the job they have had since their early 30’s. Currently, we have people such as Republican John Dingell of Michigan who, according to cnn.com has served 57 years and counting as a member of†¦show more content†¦According to archives.gov in the early 1990’s the American people realized there was an issue at hand so a proposal called the â€Å"Contract with America† was proposed by congressional Republicans that p roposed a maximum term limit for both the House Representatives and Senators. This term limit was a maximum of twelve years, which was very reasonable says washingtonpost.com because it allows them to come back into the office to continue projects that these individuals started in the first term as well as give others a chance to run for office. Even though there was an effort to fix the term limit dilemma the â€Å"Contact with America† was not passed allowing the problem to fester and grow like cancer. According to isidewith.com, fifteen states did adopt legislation from this contract that put term limits on their congress members, but since it is not written into federal law many politicians continue to run term after term even when their state tells them they can not. With a number of congress members that continue to run for office, we are seeing less and less new ideas to help the American people and more ideas that will help politicians and other countries that are not our own. Now I am not saying that everything has been bad with our current congress, but just think of where we couldShow MoreRelatedVirtues Of Happiness Moral Ethics856 Words   |  4 Pages Moral Ethics An individual’s virtue ethics does not depend on the society that they live in, the spirituality that they follow, or their culture/upbringing; but they depend exclusively on the individuals themselves. Aristotle introduced moral ethics theory in his Nicomachean Ethics books. The idea of ethics is questioning long term goals, ‘what sort of person do I want to be’ instead of instantaneous decisions that question ‘what should I do in this situation?’ Virtues are not so much to do withRead MoreFoundations of Adult Education Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesFoundations of Adult Education In order to build any solid structure, a good foundation is required. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, a foundation is â€Å"an underlying base or support, especially the whole substructure of a building, a body or ground upon which something is built† (www.m-w.com). Foundations must be durable to support the structure that is built above. For this reason, the Foundations of Adult Education course delves into various philosophical approaches to adultRead MoreWays in which Lifelong Learning can Contribute towards the New Global Culture and New Knowledge Society1141 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, ways in which lifelong learning can contribute towards the new global culture and new knowledge society, facts about lifelong learning and how the educator deals with the learners will be discussed. What is learning? Learning is defined as obtaining a new ability or knowledge. For example: leaning to ride a bike, learning to walk, learning a new language, and so on. What is lifelong learning? According to the English dictionary, lifelong learning is the â€Å"use of bothRead MoreHow Personality Changes Within Adulthood1227 Words   |  5 PagesAfter childhood or adolescent, personality can be seen changing through adulthood (p. McAdams 2008). Therefore, a recent study show how personalities do change in adulthood, during the later years of adults, at old age, due to the number of reasons. This paper describes how personality changes in adulthood and its reasons because of the recent research study done on longitudinal and cross-sectional used to determine the progress of aging in adulthood. Psychological used the big five traits to describeRead MoreHow Personality Changes Within Adulthood1227 Words   |  5 PagesAfter childhood or adolescent, personality can be seen changing through adulthood (p. McAdams 2008). Therefore, a recent study show how personalities do change in adulthood, during the later years of adults, at old age, due to the number of reasons. This paper describes how personality changes in adulthood and its reasons because of the recent research study done on longitudinal and cross-sectional used to determine the progress of aging in adulthood. Psychological used the big five traits to describeRead MorePtlls Unit 71446 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 007 Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Craig Pearson (1400 words) 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 Explain the types of assessment used in lifelong learning. Explain the use of methods of assessment in lifelong learning. Compare the strengths and limitations of assessment methods to meet individual learner needs. Explain ways to involve the learner in the assessment process. Explain the role of peer and self-assessment in the assessment process. Assessments are the process of evaluating anRead MoreThe Girls Of Their Summer Dresses By Irwin Shaw955 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story, â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses,† by Irwin Shaw, Michael and Frances’s relationship lacks these qualities; therefore, their marriage was not ideal. Most importantly, the husband and wife need to both want the relationship and the lifelong commitment. In â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses,† part of the reason Michael and Frances’s marriage is falling apart, is because marriage is something Michael clearly did not want. When Frances asks him if he wants to be free from their relationshipRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management1730 Words   |  7 Pages Content Contents Introduction 2 HRM in China 2 The Labour Market 2 State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 2 HR Challenges for foreign enterprises 2 1.3.1 Recruitment and selection 2 1.3.2 Training and Development 3 HRM in Japan 3 Lifelong Employment 3 A Seniority-based wage system 4 Enterprise Unions 4 Japan’s future 5 Comparing China and Japan 5 Business Etiquettes in China 5 Business Etiquette in Japan 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction Human Resource Management is one of the most important functionsRead MoreThe Idea Of A Covenant1706 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of what the word â€Å"covenant† truly is but to the Catholic Church, it only has one correct meaning. According to the Catholic teaching, a covenant is said to be a binding agreement between man and God in which you cannot break. It is something not to be taken lightly but rather to heart however it is often compared to a contract which many feel are not similar in any form. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to examine the notion of a covenant. To start off, this essay will exploreRead MoreStatement of Purpose to Attend MIT925 Words   |  4 PagesAPPLICATION ESSAY: MY GOALS, DREAMS AND ASPIRATIONS HOW DOES MIT ALIGN WITH YOUR GOALS (E.G., ACADEMIC, PERSONAL, CAREER, EXTRACURRICULAR, ETC)? In the XXI century, it became clear to everyone that the society was about to change, and that it would do so rapidly. The transformation of the society from industrial to informational caught a lot of people unexpected, yet it was obvious that the time to redefine their place in the world had come. While my goals have admittedly not yet been defined with

Biography of Lope de Aguirre, Madman of El Dorado

Lope de Aguirre was a Spanish conquistador present during much of the infighting among the Spanish in and around Peru in the mid-sixteenth century. He is best known for his final expedition, the search for El Dorado, on which he mutinied against the leader of the expedition. Once he was in control, he went mad with paranoia, ordering the summary executions of many of his companions. He and his men declared themselves independent from Spain and captured Margarita Island off the coast of Venezuela from colonial authorities. Aguirre was later arrested and executed. Origins of Lope de Aguirre Aguirre was born sometime between 1510 and 1515 (records are poor) in the tiny Basque province of Guipà ºzcoa, in northern Spain on the border with France. By his own account, his parents were not rich but did have some noble blood in them. He was not the eldest brother, which meant that even the modest inheritance of his family would be denied to him. Like many young men, he traveled to the New World in search of fame and fortune, seeking to follow in the footsteps of Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s and Francisco Pizarro, men who had overthrown empires and gained vast wealth. Lope de Aguirre in Peru It is thought that Aguirre departed Spain for the New World around 1534. He arrived too late for the vast wealth that accompanied the conquest of the Inca Empire, but just in time to become embroiled in the many violent civil wars that had broken out among the surviving members of Pizarros band. A capable soldier, Aguirre was in high demand by the various factions, although he tended to pick royalist causes. In 1544, he defended the regime of Viceroy Blasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Vela, who had been tasked with the implementation of extremely unpopular new laws which provided greater protection for natives. Judge Esquivel and Aguirre In 1551, Aguirre surfaced in Potosà ­, the wealthy mining town in present-day Bolivia. He was arrested for abusing Indians and sentenced by Judge Francisco de Esquivel to a lashing. It is unknown what he did to merit this, as Indians were routinely abused and even murdered and punishment for abusing them was rare. According to legend, Aguirre was so incensed at his sentence that he stalked the judge for the next three years, following him from Lima to Quito o Cusco before finally catching up with him and murdering him in his sleep. The legend says that Aguirre did not have a horse and thus followed the judge on foot the entire time. The Battle of Chuquinga Aguirre spent a few more years participating in more uprisings, serving with both rebels and royalists at different times. He was sentenced to death for the murder of a governor but later pardoned as his services were needed to put down the uprising of Francisco Hernà ¡ndez Girà ³n. It was about this time that his erratic, violent behavior earned him the nickname Aguirre the Madman. The Hernà ¡ndez Girà ³n rebellion was put down at the battle of Chuquinga in 1554, and Aguirre was badly wounded: his right foot and leg were crippled and he would walk with a limp for the rest of his life. Aguirre in the 1550s By the late 1550s, Aguirre was a bitter, unstable man. He had fought in countless uprisings and skirmishes and had been badly wounded, but he had nothing to show for it. Close to fifty years old, he was as poor as he had been when he left Spain, and his dreams of glory in the conquest of rich native kingdoms had eluded him. All he had was a daughter, Elvira, whose mother is unknown. He was known as a tough fighting man but had a well-earned reputation for violence and instability. He felt that the Spanish crown had ignored men like him and he was getting desperate. The Search for El Dorado By 1550 or so, much of the New World had been explored, but there were still huge gaps in what was known of the geography of Central and South America. Many believed in the myth of El Dorado, the Golden Man, who was supposedly a king who covered his body with gold dust and who ruled over a fabulously wealthy city. In 1559, the Viceroy of Peru approved an expedition to search for the legendary El Dorado, and about 370 Spanish soldiers and a few hundred Indians were put under the command of young nobleman Pedro de Ursà ºa. Aguirre was allowed to join up and was made a high-level officer based on his experience. Aguirre Takes Over Pedro de Ursà ºa was just the sort of person Aguirre resented. He was ten or fifteen years younger than Aguirre and had important family connections. Ursà ºa had brought along his mistress, a privilege denied to the men. Ursà ºa had some fighting experience in the Civil Wars, but not nearly as much as Aguirre. The expedition set out and began exploring the Amazon and other rivers in the dense rainforests of eastern South America. The endeavor was a fiasco from the start. There were no wealthy cities to be found, only hostile natives, disease and not much food. Before long, Aguirre was the informal leader of a group of men who wanted to return to Peru. Aguirre forced the issue and the men murdered Ursà ºa. Fernando de Guzmà ¡n, a puppet of Aguirre, was put in command of the expedition. Independence From Spain His command complete, Aguirre did a most remarkable thing: he and his men declared themselves  the new Kingdom of Peru, independent from Spain. He named Guzmà ¡n Prince of Peru and Chile. Aguirre, however, became increasingly paranoid. He ordered the death of the priest that had accompanied the expedition, followed by Inà ©s de Atienza (Ursà ºas lover) and then even Guzmà ¡n. He eventually would order the execution of every member of the expedition with any noble blood whatsoever. He hatched a mad plan: he and his men would head to the coast, and find their way to Panama, which they would attack and capture. From there, they would strike out at Lima and claim their Empire. Isla Margarita The first part of Aguirres plan went fairly well, especially considering it was devised by a madman and carried out by a ragged bunch of half-starved conquistadores. They made their way to the coast by following the  Orinoco  River. When they arrived, they were able to mount an assault on the small Spanish settlement at Isla Margarita and capture it. He ordered the death of the governor and as many as fifty locals, including women. His men looted the small settlement. They then went to the mainland, where they landed at Burburata before going to Valencia: both towns had been evacuated. It was In Valencia that Aguirre composed his famous letter to Spanish King Philip II. Aguirres Letter to Philip II In July of 1561, Lope de Aguirre sent a formal letter to the King of Spain explaining his reasons for declaring independence. He felt betrayed by the King. After many hard years  of  service to the crown, he had nothing to show for it, and he also mentions having seen many loyal men executed for false crimes. He singled out judges, priests and colonial bureaucrats for special scorn. The overall tone is that of a loyal subject who had been driven to rebel by royal indifference. Aguirres paranoia is evident even in this letter. Upon reading recent dispatches from Spain concerning the counter-Reformation, he ordered the execution of a German soldier in his company. Philip IIs reaction to this historic document is unknown, although Aguirre was almost certainly dead by the time he received it. Assault on the Mainland Royal forces attempted to undermine Aguirre by offering pardons to his men: all they had to do was  desert. Several did, even before Aguirres mad assault on the mainland, slipping off and stealing small boats to make their way to safety. Aguirre, by then down to about 150 men, moved on to the town of Barquisimeto, where he found himself surrounded by Spanish forces loyal to the King. His men, not surprisingly, deserted  en masse, leaving him alone with his daughter Elvira. The Death of Lope de Aguirre Surrounded and facing capture, Aguirre decided to kill his daughter, so that she would be spared the horrors that awaited her as the daughter of a traitor to the crown. When another woman grappled with him for his harquebus, he dropped it and stabbed Elvira to death with a dagger. Spanish troops, reinforced by his own men, quickly cornered him. He was briefly captured before his execution was ordered: he was shot before being chopped into pieces. Different pieces of Aguirre were sent to surrounding towns. Lope de Aguirres Legacy Although Ursà ºas El Dorado expedition was destined to fail, it may not have been an utter fiasco if not for Aguirre and his madness. It is estimated that Lope either killed or ordered the death of 72 of the original Spanish explorers. Lope de Aguirre did not manage to overthrow Spanish rule in the Americas, but he did leave an interesting legacy. Aguirre was neither the first nor the only conquistador to go rogue and attempt to deprive the Spanish crown of the royal fifth (one-fifth of all spoils from the New World was always reserved for the crown). Lope de Aguirres most visible legacy may be in the world of literature and film. Many writers and directors have found inspiration in the tale of a madman leading a troop of greedy, hungry men through dense jungles in an attempt to overthrow a king. There have been a handful of books written about Aguirre, among them Abel Posses  Daimà ³n  (1978) and Miguel Otero Silvas  Lope de Aguirre, prà ­ncipe de la  libertad  (1979). There have been three attempts to make films about Aguirres El Dorado expedition. The best by far is the 1972 German effort  Aguirre, Wrath of God, starring Klaus Kinski as Lope de Aguirre and directed by Werner Hertzog. There is also the 1988  El Dorado, a Spanish film by Carlos Saura. More recently, the low budget  Las Là ¡grimas de Dios  (The Tears of God) was produced in 2007, directed by and starring Andy Rakich. Source: Silverberg, Robert.  The Golden Dream: Seekers of El Dorado. Athens: the Ohio University Press, 1985.

Essay On Sylvia Rivera - 1284 Words

Born as Ray Mendoza on July 2, 1951, was born of Puerto Rican and Venezuelan descent. She was given the name Sylvia Rivera by a local community of drag queens and spent her career fighting for solidarity between transgender people, queer people of color, homeless people, and sex workers. Sylvia Rivera was one of the â€Å"street queens† living in New York, and is known as one of the most famous street youth who fought back during the police raid at Stonewall. Modern day, Rivera has come to personify the aspirations and flaws of the modern gay liberation movement. Sylvia Rivera was a survivor of the streets. A part of a thrown away community of drag queens, sex workers, and trans folks; the people that fell between the crack of the gay and†¦show more content†¦After that instance, they started to listen. Rivera spent her time doing everything to try to get the bill to pass, including getting arrested. Yet over time, a struggle within the group arose when those who were in favor of a class-based agenda, like Rivera, who wanted a movement centered around issues of poverty and oppression, clashed with assimilation-focused leaders who suggested that the only thing wrong with the U.S. culture was that it was antigay (Shepard, 99). Rivera quickly learned that even amongst the most radical gay activist, they weren’t interested in the struggles of trans and gender non-conforming people. So, by 1970, she cofounded the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR) with Marsha P. Johnston, another transgender drag queen and trans act ivist. This was the first transgender rights organization, which served as a home for the street gay people, trans people of color, kids with no place left to go, and newcomers to the scene who needed to be taught about street survival. They were able to find a building at 213 Second Avenue which, and were able to clothe, feed, and shelter many queer youths in need. Transforming the space into a community education center, Rivera and Johnston would â€Å"hustle the streets† in order to keep the building going (Shepard, 99), but unfortunately due to financials struggles they were evicted after twoShow MoreRelatedLgbt History And The Modern Era1737 Words   |  7 Pages There are many topics prevalent shown throughout history. History books in today’s society highlight the majority of groups of people and historical events. This essay will prove that there is a problematic issue where LGBT lives and existences are being erased throughout history and the modern era. Throughout, it will be explained how these groups of people are being underrepresented within history, major wars, and the modern era. History covers a very broad spectrum of time, with recorded history

Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points - 2163 Words

In the early months of 1918, the dynamics of The Great War ravaging Europe changed dramatically. On March 3rd, Germany and the Russian Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, officially ending Russia’s involvement in the war and freeing Germany’s forces previously occupied on the Eastern Front . That same month, Germany launched an extensive attack in France along the Somme River, knocking a devastating blow to the Allies. By the summer of 1918, the United States had escalated it’s involvement in the war, sending over mass amounts of troops and coordinating with European powers to essentially back the German offensive into a position of little advancement. As Germany recognized its failing position in the war, the officials in the German High Command began quietly pursuing negotiations of peace and cease fire, not from their European counterparts, but from American President Woodrow Wilson . Germany was hoping to benefit from President Wilson’s ideals of peace and justice for all, ideals he had laid out publicly that year in a January speech outlining his â€Å"blueprint for a new democratic world order.† These Fourteen Points became the cornerstone of Wilson’s contribution to the peace negotiations following the armistice that ended the war in November of 1918. Focusing on the belief that an established system of democracy, communication and peace would prevent further atrocities like World War I, the Fourteen Points centered on equal representation and opportunityShow MoreRelatedWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points1714 Words   |  7 PagesWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points provided a partial model of his diplomatic approach, since he promised democracy and self-determination for Europe, particularly for countries under enemy occupation during the First World War or for subject people in the Ottoman, German and Hapsburg Empires. None of these survived the war, and the Poles, Czechs and other Europeans did gain n ational homelands, although this was not the case for the non-white subject peoples of the British and French Empires. Nor didRead MoreAnalysis of Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points 1853 Words   |  8 PagesThe Fourteen Points President Wilson was determined to achieve peace. He based his peacemaking efforts in the academic argument Fourteen Points. Ideas of freedom of the seas, internationalism and justice for all were embedded in his idealistic approach, in an attempt to making long lasting peace. The Fourteen Points were enthusiastically accepted by the United States, Allies and even Lenin – setting up the political mood as co-operative and internationalized. The summary of those points isRead MoreWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points on the Paris Peace Settlement931 Words   |  4 Pages1. Assess the impact of Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points on the Paris Peace Settlement and determine whether Wilson was successful in his goals. The Paris of Peace conference was held on January 1919 in Versailles just right outside of Paris. Paris of Peace conference was called to establish reasonable terms to make peace with the countries after World War I. In that conference there was almost thirty nations that were participates. The â€Å"Big Four† were there as well, the big four consisted of GreatRead MoreHow and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points1021 Words   |  5 PagesHow and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points Wilsons fourteen points indicated that what he mainly wanted was peace, justice, harmony and freedom in the world and between all different countries, whereas the Treaty of Versailles showed a different view and dealt with Germany, mainly with how the land was going to used from then on within the world. One of Wilsons points said that he wanted for the wishes and views of the localRead MoreWorld War I And The United Policy Of Strict Neutrality931 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. President Woodrow Wilson discusses the aims of the United States in World War I and outlines his famous â€Å"Fourteen Points† for achieving a lasting peace in Europe. The Fourteen Points is a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I, elucidated in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. There are few speeches in history that influenced the world in the way Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points speech did. AsRead MoreWoodrow Wilson s President Of The United States1476 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Woodrow Wilson was the 18th President of the United States. He is well known as the President who led our nation through the First World War Wilson also happens to be well remembered through Wilson’s famous Fourteen Points. President Wilson had also led America through important events on the domestic front and in her foreign affairs. Almost every American has heard of President Thomas Woodrow Wilson as his legacy is still seen in America today as all his choices had a significant effect onRead MorePrimary Source Analysis Example991 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary Source Analysis: Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points The source is a speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson on January 8th 1918; the speech was delivered among Woodrow’s fellow congressmen in the American congress. However, the speech was not written purely by Wilson, During World War I, Walter Lippmann became an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson and assisted in the drafting of the speech. The several points covered in Wilson’s speech aimed to resolve territorial issues in Europe, as well asRead MoreWoodrow Wilson1206 Words   |  5 PagesWoodrow Wilson’s fourteen points was a statement determined on January 8, 1918 by himself. He was the twenty eighth president of the United States. The fourteen points was made when they were declaring that World War one was occurring because of an ethical cause and after war peace in Europe. The fourteen point’s speech first discussed that there be a private but international understanding of any kind but peacekeeping shall continue in the public view. The purpose of this i s to clearly get rid ofRead MoreWoodrow Wilson Presidency : Election Of 19121080 Words   |  5 PagesTHE WOODROW WILSON PRESIDENCY Election of 1912 The election of 1912 involved four candidates: Democrat Woodrow Wilson, Republican William Howard Taft, Socialist Eugene V. Debs, and Progressive Theodore Roosevelt. The two major candidates in the 1912 election would be Roosevelt and Wilson. Wilson’s proposal of New Freedom engaged his supporters. The New Freedom notion intended to eliminate all trusts instead of just regulating them in hopes of an economic competition restoration. On the day of theRead More Woodrow Wilson and The Presidency Essays1515 Words   |  7 Pages Woodrow Wilson and The Presidency From the beginning of the 1912 election, the people could sense the new ideas of Woodrow Wilson would move them in the right direction. Wilsons idea of New Freedom would almost guarantee his presidential victory in 1912. In contrast to Wilsons New Freedom, Roosevelts New Nationalism called for the continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions, paralleled by the growth of powerful regulatory agencies. Roosevelts ideas were founded in the Herbert Crolys

The Versatility and Adaptation of Plants for Survival Essay

The Versatility and Adaptation of Plants for Survival In many ways, plants are far more versatile and successful to life on earth than animals and have been here for far longer. They were the first to colonise this planet and without them we would not exist, for we are totally dependent on them. Even today with all our technology they continue to amaze us with their ability to inhabit places we humans could not survive, from the frozen Antarctic to the intensity of a volcanic spring, plants utilise their environments to their own advantage and evolve to survive the harshest of landscapes. A plant needs four basic things to survive, water, warmth, light and minerals and any place that can provide even a little of these essential†¦show more content†¦Yet three hundred miles from this place were no living thing could survive for any length of time, there are plants, algae, living together with fungi on the tips of mountains, which protrude through the snow. These hardy plants are mostly in a dormant state, the severe temperatures rising only a couple of days a year just enough to enable the Lichen to enliven their body chemistry and to photosynthesise. Some Lichen is black and this enables them to retain what little of the sun’s heat they can to melt the snow around them. Some grow on rocks that are frequented by birds as their droppings provide a rich source of nutrients. This activity however happens in the warmest part of the summer and as cold winter sets in they return to their dormant sleep. Other algae manages to survive in the snow itself, they live in between the individual flakes just below the surface and during the summer their chlorophyll is disguised with a red pigment to protect the algae from the ultra-violet rays of the sun, as they shine more strongly through the snow. As the sun shines however, it melts the snow and does give them the liquid water they need. In the winter, when the snow is below zero the algae manufacture a kind of anti-freeze which prevents their bodies from freezing and they are invisible below the surface, but when the summer arrives once more they launch themselves forward with microscopic beating hairs and move closer to the surface and the light. At theShow MoreRelatedDarwinism : The Time Machine2097 Words   |  9 Pagespopulation sizes which is tested by the limitations of geography and natural resources that makes it impossible for an infinite number of beings to survive. The limitation in resources results in species experience a â€Å"struggle for existence,† creating a survival competition. In this theory, Darwin stated that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Charles Darwin publishedRead MoreThe Efficacy of Takip-Kohol (Centalla Asiatica) Leaves Extract as an Antibacterial Agent Against Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis.4838 Words   |  20 Pagesthere is already a wide spread of using herbal plants. They consider it as a medicine to cure any disease or any ailment that they experience. Now as the world becomes modern the beliefs are now proven by science and replaced with a new and better idea. One of its examples is the innovation of using herbal plants to become a tablet and to be more economic and efficient. The medical industry uses many drugs that are derived from different herbal plants, useful for the treatment of human diseases. ThereRead MoreMercedes Benz Operation11953 Words   |  48 Pagesoperations, when considered in their totality that constitute the organization’s long-term strategic direction. The relationship between an organization’s strategy and its operations is a key determinant of its ability to achieve long-term success or even survival. Organizational success is only likely to result if short-term operations activities are consistent with long-term strategic intentions and make a contribution to competitive advantage. The relationship between operations and the other business functionsRead MoreTesla Motors15249 Words   |  61 Pageshas also disadvantages: too many managers to listen to, limited development, it suits small companies only and may be a confusion of tasks. Tesla currently has 900 employees, scattered all over the world, working in their shops or in the Tesla Plant located in Fremont, California. Human Resource Management The Human Resource Management Department is coordinated by the Vice President Arnnon Geshuri, who also answers directly to Elon Musk, CEO. At Tesla, each member of the general managementRead MoreTesla Motors15249 Words   |  61 Pagesorganization has also disadvantages: too many managers to listen to, limited development, it suits small companies only and may be a confusion of tasks. Tesla currently has 900 employees, scattered all over the world, working in their shops or in the Tesla Plant located in Fremont, California. Human Resource Management The Human Resource Management Department is coordinated by the Vice President Arnnon Geshuri, who also answers directly to Elon Musk, CEO. At Tesla, each member of the general management teamRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesfrom China. It made thread very much faster than before. When the wheel and the loom were put together, the production of cloth skyrocketed. So there were more riots, because the cloth was linen, which was 8 T h e Legacy of Science made from a plant and was cheaper than feeding sheep and making wool, so the rioters were sheep farmers. But soon everybody was wearing linen, because it was cheap, and throwing it away when they wore holes in it. So there was this giant pile of linen rag lying aroundRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 PagesChina. It made thread very much faster than before. When the wheel and the loom were put together, the production of cloth skyrocketed. So there were more riots, because the cloth was linen, which was 8 T h e Legacy of Science made from a plant and was cheaper than feeding sheep and making wool, so the rioters were sheep farmers. But soon everybody was wearing linen, because it was cheap, and throwing it away when they wore holes in it. 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Students Consciousness Towards Littering in Pacific...

STUDENT CONSCIOUSNESS TOWARDS LITTERING IN PAU CAMPUS A paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject HE 116.1 Academic English By Jacinta Kaupa Aim : The aim of this survey was to find out how conscious the students are towards littering. Introduction Pacific Adventist University is an institution where people from all over the Pacific, Papua New Guinea and other parts of the world come to learn and get educated. Indeed it is the most beautiful place in Papua New Guinea as most critics say. This is because of the landscape and the well preserved lawn with the variety of birds and the lakes. However, it is not as beautiful as many people think when speaking of littering. There are†¦show more content†¦The behavior of the students’ consciousness towards littering in the campus is not really getting out of hand. Not all students have the â€Å"don’t care attitude â€Å"as the result is stating. Students’ falls into two different categories. There are students’ who have the heart to keep their study environment clean and there are those who do not. Those that practice littering have a fair idea that it is wrong. But yet they tend do it without thinking.The next paragraph will describe further on such behavior of the students’. According to the result everybody is trying to say that they do not want littering. For the positive statements they are responding positively and for the negative statement they are responding negatively. Students’ may not want to discard rubbishes like piece of paper or an empty packet of something anywhere, but apparently they do. This may happen due to laziness, maybe because ofdistance between them and the rubbish bin. They do not want to walk because it might take some of their time (time factor). This clearly shows that students’ have attitude problem even though they are educated. Knowing that littering is wrong and yet doing it can explain that there is an attitude problem. Cialdini and others (1981:255) strongly agree that â€Å"littering is a measure of attitude†. Littering especially occurs when someone (who cares) is not watchingor witnessing

After the Bomb Book Summary Essay Example For Students

After the Bomb Book Summary Essay After the Bomb written by Gloria Miklowitz is a thrilling novel that takes place before, during, and after a bomb which supposedly was sent from Russia by accident. L. A. and surrounding cities are all altered by the disastrous happening. Philip Singer a teenager is in a position as leader of the family. His brother Matt is awfully sick, possibly from radiation, his father was away at work during the blast and for all Philip knows he might be dead, and his mother was desperately injured and needs immediate attention. Hospitals are flooded with injured and dying people and the government doesnt send help for a few days. The badly injured dont even get the chance to be helped because the hospitals have to send the ones that are likely going to live to hospitals that specialize in burns. His mother is so badly burned that the hospitals put her on the bottom of the list to be flown to burn centers. By the end of the novel Philip has taken charge, snuck his mom ahead to be flown to a burn center, and in a sense saved his town from thirst. He truly survived the terror, shock, and danger of the bomb. The novel goes through a couple of settings such as, Philips struggle to keep his family alive, and the conflict between the nature of a nuclear bomb against the Los Angeles area. When the bomb hits he is playing around in a playroom shelter with his brother and his girlfriend. They go out to find out what had happened and found burning houses, their house only left with one wall, rubble on the ground, debris all over the place, and people running frantically for shelter. Philips brother became sick after finding his mother and bringing her back down to the shelter, and found that his mother had been burnt severely and needed immediate medical attention. Philip struggles to keep his brother from getting even more sick than he was and to bring his mother to a hospital. Philips family werent the only people affected by the bomb. the entire surrounding area of Los Angeles was pounded by a devastating bomb. Churches, Hospitals, and streets were flooded with sick, dying, and even dead people. Hospitals that were built to only withstand 200 people now have thousands, and hospitals lack food, doctors, and water. Philips struggle for survival, and the devastating blow against L. A. was only the beginning of the disastrous bomb. The setting is practically the whole plot of the novel showing Philips struggle to get his mother to a burn center that could save her life, bring his family to safety, and to save his town from thirst. When Philip arrives at the hospital with his mom the government and hospital had already started flying patients to burn centers, but his mom was too sick and burnt so the hospital didnt care for her. She was placed on the bottom of list to be flown away. Philip secretly switches the tag on her mom with one that says and earlier number so that she would be flown out more promptly. He does so and she is flown out early and he most probably saved her life by doing so. Another example was when the bomb had just struck and Philips family was in the shelter which wasnt very safe and stable. He went up to the surface to check out his neighbors house which was miraculously intact. Philip found the owner and his wife in good shape and arranged to bring his family over to the neighbors cool basement for safety and refuge. A third example was when the hospital in his town was almost pout of water and Philip was asked by a nurse to find a worker that works with the town s plumbing at his house and manage to get water to the hospital. .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .postImageUrl , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:hover , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:visited , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:active { border:0!important; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:active , .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4db998e654a32f69f7c8d9a3fb13169c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I was in New York City in 1997 when I heard about the death of Aunty EssayHe did so and after a while drained water from a residents pool and had it flown down to the hospital. These are some examples of how the setting functions in the novel. After the Bomb is an exciting and stimulating novel which shows the leadership of a teenager over his family. The novel displays a realistic happening that can happen any second and describes it intricately. Its an electrifying, terrifying, and exhilarating rush and is an outstanding novel. Survival was only the beginning

Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting. Answer: Introduction Code of conducts are principles that all employees and professionals in an organization are expected to follow. The principles guide the professionals in decision making and how to behave in the work place. The code of ethics have a significant impact on your work practices , however, the impact in an organization depends on how the company uses it. All companies are involved in an ethical obligation continually talking about laws, rules, rights and duties, and the like facing these concepts which generates its ethical code which becomes the identity of the company or organization, which will be valued by society in general, it is important this trial because a company must be accepted socially to succeed (Accounting ethics, 2006).No individual or organization is beyond the ethical judgment in each decision must always be taken into account ethics, regardless of the type of goal or trading company. You can not spend the interests of the company above the interests moral and / or ethi cal society. How ethics and behaviour affect individual in their real work According to the respondents interviewed in this research, they are aware that ethics and behavior have a real effect on their work. The set of rules of conduct given by the Code of Ethics that regulate the activity of Public Accountant, is minimal guidance material or performance criteria that adopts the accounting profession on their daily actions in the public in general; further it provides that these principles are equally valid for all Chartered Public Accountants either working in the public, private sector or in teaching (Code of ethics, 2010). All Public Accountant should be aware that should always be adhered to the ethical principles of integrity, objectivity, independence, Reliability, Responsibility, Enforcement Standards and Laws, Competition, Professional Development, respect and collaboration with colleagues. All the accountants interviewed acknowledge the importance of ethics in the following areas. The Code of Professional Ethics, not only serves as a guide to mora l action of each Public Accountant, but also by him, the Accounting Profession declares its firm intention to comply with society and serve with loyalty, honesty and diligence (Duska Duska, 2003).The Certified Public Accountant must always keep in mind the following principles that should govern their professional and personal drive permanently: Integrity.- must be honest and forthright in carrying out their professional work. Objectivity.- must be fair and not let prejudice or influence other people override their objectivity. Professional Competence and Sufficiency.- Care must possess knowledge, skill and experience to be able to apply reasonable care and diligence, you should seek advice or assistance when required to ensure that the professional services provided are executed satisfactorily and must refuse to run when not have the necessary qualifications for it. Character Confidencial.- shall respect the confidentiality of the information obtained and not disclose it without authorization unless there is a legal or professional obligation that requires them. Behavior Profesional.- must act consistently taking care of the good reputation of the profession and refrain from any behavior that could discredit a person or to the profession as a whole. Standards techniques.- out should bring their professional services in accordance with relevant technical and professional standards. You will be obliged to run with care and skill requirements of the client or employer as they are compatible with the requirements of integrity, independence and objectivity, and shall meet the standards of accounting and auditing established internationally. Awareness to the code of conduct and ethics From the ten professional accountants that were interviewed, nine out of ten of the respondents were aware of the professional bodys code of conduct. It is clear from the research that most of the accountants are aware of their professional bodys code of conduct (Frye Pearson, 2008). The ethics of every work is determined by the treatment along with the relationship that every professional relate to particular cases that may be filed in the personal , specialized or social framework in their association with the people who constantly tries . Professional Ethics is ethics in itself used for the exercise of a job and also recognizes the principles of ethical activity of all its associates , in the strange circumstances by which their professional responsibilities put them (Jeffrey, 2005). Individuals who exercise a profession in providing their knowledge as well as skills in the service of people , have duties and tasks to all areas as well as individuals who rely on their work , t herefore it is important for these professionals acceptance as well as compliance Ethics guidelines governing the relationship with the clients , employers , staff , the State as well as the general public ; so it is vital that there is a code that contains the general rules relevant to daily practice of profession conduct . Possible consequences if they breach the code of conduct According to the research and answers provided by the respondents, most severe consequences include being struck of from the profession and being deregistered by the accountants body. Hence you lose your work permit. Other consequences include law suits instituted by the clients that have been affected by the actions of the accountant when they breach the code of conduct (Jeffrey, 2008). Professional body and how it polices its code The accountants body has different channels in which the matters relating to the issues and unprofessional conduct by its members can be communicated. The body has a committee that looks into the cases brought by the complainants. This is one of the ways that the accountacy body polices its code. In this Code it provides that its compliance is mandatory for all Chartered Public Accountants who are enrolled in any Departmental School and pursue the profession both individually and associated and dependent and independent including performance teaching. It provides that Members of the Order must adapt their professional conduct to the standards in the Code. Also standard behavior that should have with their colleagues which should be one of respect and collaboration (Jeffrey, 2008). It provides that all actions must be with honesty, good faith, maintaining the honor, dignity and professional capacity, assuming their responsibility for their reports or opinions that are endorsed with his signature. It states that the public accountant has an obligation to professional secrecy and may not benefit from the facts of which it is aware. In performing its function must maintain its independent judgment, act with objectivity and impartiality. The practitioner defends the good faith, and this presumes that a public act is according to law and decency, and that is why the government defined the code of ethics of definition Public Accountant profile lord and master is high human quality that is the man who gives his word and holds it so rain or shine ... so shake the earth or its inhabitants. The Act 43 of 1990 the Code of Professional Ethics of Certified Public Accountant was enacted, this law includes the set of permanent rules on ethics that must adhere Public Accountan ts registered with the Central Board of Accountants in the exercise of the functions of the Public Accounts established by the laws and regulations. What is the need of professional accounting in planning, analysis and evaluation of the organization? Public Accounting is a profession that aims to satisfy the needs of the organization, by measuring, evaluation, planning, analysis and interpretation of financial information from companies or individuals and the preparation of reports on the financial situation, on which decisions of entrepreneurs, investors, creditors, and other interested parties on the future status of such economic entities are based. This certification will be considered an integral part of it (Jeffrey, 2013). Your reflections on the similarities and differences in expectations Similarities Both the professional body and the accountants expect the code of ethics to be applied in their professional work. Accountants have are of the view that the code of ethics are very important in their work because it enables thaem to know how to relate with their clientele. On the other hand, The professional body mandated to oversee and formulate the ethics, is also of the view that the code of ethics are important to reduce any conflict that may arise during work. Differences The difference is brought in by the fact that the professional bodies expect that all the code of conducts should be followed. However, according to the accountants interviewed, not all code of ethics are followed to the letter, because some of them are not very practical to be applied. My reflections on this is that the professional body and the members( accountants) should amicably resolve any grey areas in the code of ethics and also be more inclusive when formulating these codes. Your reflections on what this means for you The accountants need the code of ethics when doing their work. However, the rules should be made in consultation with the accountant because they are the ones that are affected by the code of ethics. The code of ethics are important for regulating the profession and reducing any professional misconduct by the accountants The exercise of public accounting involves a social function especially through public faith which is given the benefit of order and security in economic relations between the state and individuals or those with each other. The Public Accountant in the development of their professional activity must be used in each case analysis methods and more appropriate evaluation to the situation presented, within the guidelines given by the profession and may also resort to specialists from different disciplines to Public Accounting and the use of all elements that science and technology are at your disposal. Basic principles of professional ethics Code of ethics of public accountant The set of rules of conduct given by the Code of Ethics that regulate the activity of Public Accountant, is the minimal guidance material or performance criteria that adopts the accounting profession against their daily actions in the public in general; further it provides that these principles are equally valid for all Chartered Public Accountants either working in the public, private sector or in teaching (Pohl Pohl, 2002). The Code of Professional Ethics, not only serves as a guide to moral action of each Public Accountant, but also by him, the Accounting Profession declares its firm intention to comply with society and serve with loyalty, honesty and diligence. The Certified Public Accountant must always keep in mind the following principles that should govern their professional and personal drive permanently: Upon their respective enrollment in any of the schools, the practitioner agrees to comply with the provisions of the Statutes and other rules and regulations issued by t he Federation of Public Accountants of Peru or the Institute of Chartered Accountants to which it belongs, and also it undertakes to respect and strictly observe all set out in the Code of Ethics. In this Code it provides that its compliance and compliance is mandatory for all Chartered Public Accountants who are enrolled in any Departmental School and pursue the profession both individually and associated and dependent and independent including performance teaching. It provides that Members of the Order must adapt their professional conduct to the standards in the Code. It provides that all actions must be with honesty, good faith, maintaining the honor, dignity and professional capacity, assuming their responsibility for their reports or opinions that are endorsed with his signature. It states that the public accountant has an obligation to professional secrecy and may not benefit from the facts of which it is aware. In performing its function must maintain its independent judgme nt, act with objectivity and impartiality (Professional ethics in accounting and finance, 2010). You should refrain from giving an opinion or negative comments about the performance or suitability of any other colleague. It states that the Certified Public Accountant, who exercises the profession individually or collectively, will offer its services in a serious and measured, without abuse of advertising, without damaging her personal and professional dignity of their colleagues.Notes that the Public Accountant whatever the field in which it operates is responsible for their actions and therefore should always drive with caution and high standard. The Chartered Public Accountant who holds the University Teaching has an obligation to transmit the updated knowledge of the profession and the rules of conduct provided by the Code of Ethics to students, and gird all academic and administrative acts to ethical principles and moral virtues, without realizing their condition Teacher for economic or other benefits dishonestly, thereby denting the dignity of all the accounting profession and his other colleagues Teachers. Failure to comply with the provisions in the Code of Ethics by any Chartered Public Accountant, constitutes violation of the Code of Ethics and deserves his punishment according to the seriousness of the offense. The practitioner defends the good faith, and this presumes that a public act is according to law and decency, and that is why the government defined the code of ethics of definition Public Accountant profile lord and master is high human quality that is the man who gives his word and holds it so rain or shine . In performing its function must maintain its independent judgment, act with objectivity and impartiality. You should refrain from giving an opinion or negative comments about the performance or suitability of any other colleague. Code of professional ethics Professional quality of work. In providing any services expected of a true professional Public Accountant job so you always have in mind the provisions of the profession regulations that are applicable to specific work that this play. Professional preparation and quality. As a requirement for the Certified Public Accountant agrees to provide services, you must have the necessary technical training and ability to perform professional activities successfully. The exercise of public accounting involves a social function especially through public faith which is given the benefit of order and security in economic relations between the state and individuals or those with each other (Templar, 2011). The practitioner shall not take advantage of situations that may be impaired who have hired their services. Agreeing to the economic compensation to be received by the public accountant must always have a presence that remuneration for their services is not the only objective or the reason for t he exercise of their profession. The practitioner take care of their relationships with their partners, with colleagues and institutions that group, seeking the dignity of the profession but never undermine exalted, acting with team spirit. Dignifying based professional image quality to reach who sponsors their services and society in general an image of professional and personal quality (Templar, 2011). All Public Accountant who somehow conveys his knowledge will aim to maintain the highest professional and behavioral standards and contribute to the development and dissemination of the expertise of the profession. Conclusion The practitioner has an obligation to professional secrecy and not disclose for any reason the facts, data or circumstances of which it is aware in the exercise of his profession, except the information that force the laws .Public Accountant can benefit by using information obtained in the exercise of the profession, nor may communicate such information to others who take advantage of it. The CPA may consult or exchange views with colleagues on matters of opinion or doctrine, but should never provide data identifying individuals or businesses concerned, unless it is with consent of the parties concerned. The practitioner who is a member of other institutions will refrain from directly or indirectly involved in acts that are detrimental to the profession of Public Accountant. The practitioner acting both independent function as a dependent, assume professional responsibility in relation to their reports, opinions, affidavits etc., which are endorsed with his signature. No Public Accountant, whatever the cause, may retain books and accounting records of their customers, because it is a misappropriation. References Accounting ethics. (2006). London [u.a.]. Code of ethics. (2010). Canberra, A.C.T. Duska, R. Duska, B. (2003).Accounting ethics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Frye, C. Pearson, W. (2008).Microsoft Office Accounting Professional 2007 step by step. Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. Jeffrey, C. (2005).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Jeffrey, C. (2008).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Bingley: Elsevier JAI. Jeffrey, C. (2013).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Mintz, S. (1997).Cases in accounting ethics professionalism. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Pohl, A. Pohl, A. (2002).Accounting. Harlow: Pearson Education. Professional ethics in accounting and finance. (2010). London. Templar, R. (2011).The rules of management. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall Business/Pearson.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh The Sikh Ruler, in the eyes Essay Example For Students

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Sikh Ruler, in the eyes Essay of non-SikhsAccording to the famous historian Carlyle, a worthy sovereign should be judged from a sole factor as to how he employs his sword after being victorious. **********Le Griffin writes that:Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom exactly according to the Sikh way of life and Sikhism considers everyone as friends and talks about the welfare of all irrespective of caste and creed.**********The spirit of Gurbani couplet, The one Lord is the Father of all and we are the children of the one Lord rules supreme in every Sikh heart. Charles Hugal, writes in his book, Travels in Kashmir and Punjab, that, probably no person in the world could have established such a large empire with minimum bloodshed as Ranjit Singh has established his kingdom.**********Affirming Hugals views, Prinsep, also writes in his book, Origin of Sikh Power in Punjab, that, Ranjit Singhs whole career was free of any blemishes like unnecessary atrocities and cruel bloodshed.**********Historian R.S. Kanungo praising all the aspects of the Kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in his writings says, his empire was the kingdom for Welfare for All, in which all were equal sharing pa rtners. In his kingdom there was no special love for Sikhs and no animosity for non-Sikhs. There were no special taxes on any caste to show it down from the other or to label it inferior.**********W.G. Osborne writes that, Maharaja Ranjit Singh was so compassionate that outside a battle he did not kill anyone, so much so that in generosity he even forgave those who tried to kill him and felt happiness in forgiving.**********Charles Hugal in his book, The Court and Camp of Ranjit Singh, writes that,Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom according to the Sikh tenets. All the important positions were given to Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, entirely based on merit. Even his main advisors were three famous Muslim brothers: Fakir Aziz-ud-Din, his foreign minister; Fakir Nur-ud-Din, his home minister; Fakir Imam-ud-Din, his custodian of the arsenals. Forty-six senior Army officers and two top ranking Generals were Muslims. One General was French and score of military officers were Europeans. In police and civil services he has about one hundred Muslim officers alone. Hindus too, used to hold many key positions in Sarkar-e-Khalsa. Ranjit Singh was secular through-and-through. Since he had lost his one eye in childhood, due to small pox, he used to remark jokingly about himself that,God Willed that as a true Sikh I should look upon all religions with one eye.**********Sayyed Waheed-ud-Din, the great grandson of Fakir Aziz-ud-Din writes,On one occassion, Maharaja and Fakir were out walking on the outskirts of Lahore when they met a bullock cart carrying what looked like a huge book. The Maharaja stopped the cart and asked the driver, what he was carrying. Maharaja, replied the driver, I am a calligraphist and this book is a manuscript of the Holy Quran, which is my entire lifes work. I am on my way to Hyderabad to sell it to the Muslim king of that country. Turning to Fakir Aziz-ud-Din the Maharaja said,This man seems to think that there is nobody on this side of Hyderabad who is pious and generous enough to pay him a good price. He then asked the calligraphist, How much are you expecting my good man?The calligraphist mentioned a huge sum of Rs. 10,000. Before the minister could intervene, Ranjit Singh commanded,Fakir ji, please see to it that this man is paid ten thousand rupees from the state treasury. He then asked Fakir Aziz-ud-Din to read him a passage from the manuscript. Fakir read Sura Yusaf and then translated it. .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .postImageUrl , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:hover , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:visited , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:active { border:0!important; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:active , .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc12d030d3877ecb5690747ad19ab262b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 6th grade Science Nature of Science VocabularyBut Fakir ji, remarked the Maharaja, The Great Granth says the same kind of things. What is the difference?None, your Highness, replied the Fakir, The goal is the same, only the paths are different. The Maharaja awarded Aziz-ud-Din, for this apt reply, by gifting him the manuscript. **********Maharaja Ranjit Singh did not know about prejudice and sectarianism, that is why a Muslim poet like Shah Mohammed was not tired of praising him and lamented by recounting the virtues of Ranjit Singh on his death. **********Another unparalled quality of Ranjit Singh was that any king or landlord who was defeated by him, Ranjit Singh instead of showing him down, used to show generosity and allot him landed property worth hundreds of thousands of rupees so as to pass life with dignity. Defeated Afghan Governor Muhammad Khan, Nawab of Kasur Kutub-o-din, defeated son of Governor of Multan are apparent examples of Ranjit Singhs benevolence. **********According to N.K. Sinha,Maharaja Ranjit Singh used to give robe of honour to Qazis, Sayyeds, Ulmas and hermits so that they could keep on working for welfare and building the nation with full devotion and enthusiasm.**********Henry Lawrence in his book, Adventures of an Officer in Punjab, writes that:Maharaja Ranjit Singh used to give large properties to the defeated kings and keep them in a position to live a comfortable life, while others would enjoy to let their enemies suffer to the limit of defeat.**********Murray writes,Ranjit Singh was full of humanity. He ruled by following the etiquettes of Sikhism and therefore he was generous, benevolent and a sympathiser.He has been likened to Mehmet Ali and to Napoleon. There are some points in which he resembles both; but estimating his character with reference to his circumstances and positions, he is perhaps a more remarkable man than either. There was no ferocity in his disposition and he never punished a criminal with deat h even under the circumstances of aggravated offence. Humanity indeed, or rather tenderness for life was a trait in the character of Ranjit Singh. There is absolutely no instance of his having wantonly imbued his hands in blood.**********Maharaja was truely secular and democratic in ruling his kingdom and welfare of his subjects kept paramount importance in his performance agenda. There were 4000 schools in his Kingdom, which were all same for the children of all brotherhoods. Even English and French were taught so that students could communicate with the literature and culture of the outside world. The Maharaja gave a practical shape to the Sikh mentality. His empire, in the real meaning, was the kingdom of the people in which there was justice, happiness, dynamic power and universal partnership. **********Waheed-ud-Din, quotes, two of Ranjit Singhs orders which highlight his sense of justice and equality for his people. In one order he says, that even if His Highness himself issues an inappropriate order against any resident, it should be clearly brought to the notice of His Highness so that it may be amendedjustice should be dispensed in accordance with legitimate right and without the slightest oppression and prejudice and orders should be passed in accordance with the Shatras or the Quran as pertinent to the faith of the party. In his second decree, he frankly states that Sri Sat Guru ji forbid if His Highness or his beloved sons should commit any inappropriate act. It should be brought to the notice of His Highness. Waheed-ud-Din considers these orders very unique in the sense that they do not even exclude the Emperor from the clutches of the law. History stands testimony that, Maharaja received lashes on his back in open view of the Sangat when the punishment was awarded to him by the Akal Takhat. .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .postImageUrl , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:hover , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:visited , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:active { border:0!important; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:active , .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8 .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12bd2b3c3c120e5ae2d31689bfa5edf8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World Hunger Essay**********Vincent Smith, observes:The Punjab state under Ranjit Singh was neither a traditional Indian territorial state and monarchy, nor merely a dictatorship. **********For the Sikhs his rule was a Haleemi Raj i.e. a Kingdom ruled with utmost humility, kindliness and a sense of service to humanity. ********************************************************************************http://sikhnet.com/Sikhnet/discussion.nsf/All+by+Date/3abf0b5421f3d898872565f300177f67?Open